Les conus
Les cônes sont des mollusques gastéropodes de la famille des Conidae. Ils sont d’allure conique normalement présents dans les eaux chaudes et les récifs coralliens. Quelques espèces sont adaptées aux habitats plus froids de la Californie ou de la Méditerranée. Le genre Conus contient 626 espèces différentes. Cachés dans la journée, ce sont des chasseurs nocturnes se nourrissant de poissons (piscivores), de mollusques (molluscivores) ou de vers (vermivores). Ils fabriquent et injectent grâce à une dent en forme de harpon, des toxines à leurs victimes (conotoxines, aux moins 10 variétés connues). Certaines sont fatales pour l’humain.
Conus lividus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
Photo: 1972, H. Zell
Les vermivores consomment des vers polychètes (Nereis, eunicidae): Conus capitaneus, Conus coronatus, Conus ebraeus, Conus flavidus, Conus imperialis, Conus leopardus, Conus lividus, Conus miles, Conus nussatella, Conus qurcinus, Conus striatellus, Conus vexillum, Conus violaceus, Conus virgo…
Les molluscivores consomment principalement d’autres gastéropodes : Conus aulicus, Conus episcopatus, Conus gloriamaris, Conus marmoreus, Conus pennaceus, Conus retifer, Conus textile…
Les piscivores consomment de petits poissons qui vivent ou passent la nuit près du fond : Conus consor, Conus catus, Conus ermineus, Conus geographus, Conus magus, Conus mediterraneus, Conus radiatus, Conus tulipa…
Certaines espèces ont cependant un régime mixte ou opportuniste, comme Conus striatus (mollusco-piscivore).
Les espèces les plus dangereuses pour l’Homme sont Conus aulicus, Conus aureus, Conus consors, Conus geographus (venin potentiellement létal), Conus magnificus, Conus magus, Conus marmoreus, Conus obscurus, Conus pennaceus, Conus striatus, Conus textile (venin potentiellement létal) et Conus tulipa (liste non exhaustive).
La collection Fournier & Brousseau contient les espèces suivantes :
Conus achatinus Gmelin, 1791
Conus acutangulus Lamarck, 1810
Conus advertex Garrard, 1961
Conus amadis Gmelin, 1791
Conus ammiralis Linné, 1758
Conus anemonae Lamarck, 1810
Conus aplustre Reeve, 1843
Conus araneosus Lightfoot, 1786
Conus araneosus nicobaricus Hwass 1792
Conus archon Broderip, 1833
Conus arcuata Broderip & Sowerby, 1829
Conus arenatus Hwass 1792
Conus aristophanes Sowerby, 1857
Conus armadilio Shikama, 1971
Conus asiaticus da Motta, 1985
Conus auger Lightfoot, 1786
Conus aulicus Linné 1758
Conus aurantius Hwass, 1792
Conus australis Lamarck, 1810
Conus bandanus Hwass in Bruguiere 1792
Conus barthelemyi Bernardi, 1861
Conus bayani Jousseaume, 1872
Conus bengalensis Okutani, 1968
Conus betulinus Linné 1785
Conus betulinus zulu Linné 1785
Conus bocki Sowerby, 1857
Conus brunneus Wood. 1828
Conus bullatus Linné, 1758
Conus cancellatus Hwass 1792
Conus canonicus Hwass 1792
Conus canonicus condensus Sowerby, 1866
Conus capitaneus Linné, 1758
Conus centurio Born 1780
Conus chaldeus Rod. 1798
Conus characteristicus Dillwtn, 1817
Conus circumcisus Born, 1778
Conus clarus Smith, 1881
Conus cleril Reeve, 1849
Conus coccineus Gmelin 1791
Conus compressus Sowerby, 1833
Conus consors Sowerby, 1833
Conus corallinus Kiener, 1847
Conus coronatus Gmelin 1791
Conus couderti Bernardi, 1860
Conus cumingii Reeve, 1848
Conus dalli Stearns, 1873
Conus daucus Hwass 1792
Conus delessertii Recluz 1843
Conus diadema Sowerby, 1834
Conus distans Hwass 1792
Conus dorreensis Péron, 1807
Conus eberneus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
Conus eburneus poluglotta Weinkauff 1874
Conus emaciatus Reeve 1849
Conus episcopatus da moitta, 1982
Conus episcopus Hwass, 1792
Conus ermineus Born 1778
Conus excavatus (fumigatus) Sowerby, 1866
Conus figulinus Linné, 1758
Conus flavescens Sowerby, 1834
Conus flavidus Reeve 1843
Conus floridulus Adams & Reeve, 1848
Conus fulgetrum (miliaris) Sowerby, 1834
Conus furvus Reeve 1843
Conus furvus aegrotus Reeve 1843
Conus furvus brownish Reeve 1843
Conus generalis Linné, 1758
Conus geographicus Linné, 1758
Conus gladiator Broderip. 1823
Conus glans Hwass 1792
Conus glaucus Linné, 1758
Conus gloriamaris Chemnitz, 1777
Conus gradatulus Weinkauff 1875
Conus grangeri Sowerby, 1900
Conus gubernator Hwass 1792
Conus howelli Iredale, 1929
Conus imperialis Born 1778
Conus imperialis fuscatus Born 1778
Conus imperialis queketti Born, 1778
Conus inscriptus Reeve 1843
Conus inscriptus Reeve 1843
Conus iodostoma Reeve, 1843
Conus ione Fulton, 1938
Conus janus Hwass, 1792
Conus josephinae Rolán, 1980
Conus kimioi Habe, 1965
Conus kinoshitai Kuroda 1956
Conus laterculatus Sowerby III 1870
Conus leopardus Roding 1798
Conus leopardus Roding 1798
Conus lithoglyphus Hwass, 1792
Conus litteratus Linné, 1758
Conus lividus Lamarck
Conus lividus Lamarck
Conus longurionus Klener, 1845
Conus loroisii Kiener 1848
Conus lucidus Wood, 1828
Conus lynceus Sowerby II 1857
Conus magus Linné 1758
Conus mahogani Reeve, 1843
Conus malacanus Hwass, 1792
Conus malacus Hwass, 1792
Conus maldivus Hwass, 1792
Conus mappa Hwass, 1792
Conus marmoreus Linné, 1758
Conus marmoreus suffusus Linné, 1758
Conus mastelinus Linné 1758
Conus memiae Habe & Kosuge, 1970
Conus mercator Habe & Kosuge , 1970
Conus mercator unifasciatus Linné 1758
Conus miles Kiener 1845
Conus miliaris Hwass 1792
Conus milnedwardsi Hwass 1792
Conus minicacea Jousseaume, 1894
Conus monachus Hwass 1792
Conus monachus Hwass 1792
Conus monile Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
Conus moreleti Hwass 1792
Conus mozambicus Crosse 1858
Conus mucronatus Hwass 1792
Conus muriculatus sugillatus Reeve 1844
Conus mus Hwass, 1792
Conus musicus Reeve 1844
Conus mustelinus Hwass & Bruguière 1792
Conus nanus Hwass, 1792
Conus neptunea Sowerby, 1833
Conus nicobaricus Verstraeten, 2008
Conus nigrescens Hwass & Bruguière 1792
Conus nigropunctatus Sowerby, 1860
Conus nisus Dilwyn, 1817
Conus nobilis Sowerby, 1857
Conus novaehollandiae Linne 1758
Conus nussatella Adams, 1855
Conus obscurus Sowerby, 1833
Conus ochroleucus Sowerby, 1833
Conus omaria Hwass 1792
Conus orbignyi Hwass 1792
Conus orion Audouin, 1831
Conus pagodus Broderip, 1833
Conus papilionaceus Kiener, 1845
Conus parius Hwass, 1792
Conus parvulus Reeve 1844
Conus patricius Hinds, 1843
Conus pennaceus Born 1778
Conus perplexus Sowerby, 1857
Conus pica Born 1778
Conus planorbis Adams & Reeve, 1848
Conus polyglotta Weinkauff
Conus princeps Weinkauff, 1874
Conus princeps vae lineolatus Linné 1758
Conus pulcher Valentiennes, 1832
Conus pulicarius Lightfoot 1786
Conus purpurascens Sowerby, 1833
Conus quercinus Sowerby, 1833
Conus radiatus Gmelin. 1791
Conus rattus Gmelin. 1791
Conus recurvus Hwass 1792
Conus regius Broderip. 1833
Conus regius cardinalis Broderip. 1833
Conus retifer Gmelin. 1791
Conus rufimaculosis Menke 1829
Conus rupelii MacPherson, 1959
Conus rutilus Reeve 1848
Conus sanguinolentus Menke, 1843
Conus scalaris Valenciennes, 1832
Conus segravei Gatliff, J. H., 1891
Conus sieboldi Reeve, 1848
Conus sowerbii Reeve, 1848
Conus spectrum Reeve 1849
Conus spectrum pica Linné, 1758
Conus spectrum stillatus Linné, 1758
Conus spirogloxus Linné 1758
Conus sponsalis Deshayes, 1868
Conus spurius Hwass 1792
Conus spurius lorenzianus Gmelin, 1791
Conus stercusmuscarum Linne 1758
Conus stramineus Linne 1758
Conus striatellus Lamarck 1810
Conus striatus Link 1807
Conus sugillatus Linné 1758
Conus sukhadwalai Röckel & da Motta, 1983
Conus sulcatus Reeve 1844
Conus sulcocastaneus Kosuge, 1981
Conus suratensis Kosuge. 1981
Conus suturatus Reeve, 1844
Conus telatus Reeve, 1844
Conus terebra Born 1778
Conus tessulatus Born, 1778
Conus textile Linné 1758
Conus textile julii Linné, 1758
Conus thalassiarchus Linné 1758
Conus tiaratus Sowerby, 1833
Conus tinianus Sowerby, 1834
Conus tribblei Sowerby, 1889
Conus tulipa Linné, 1758
Conus varius Linné, 1758
Conus ventricosus Gmelin, 1791
Conus vexillium Gmelin, 1791
Conus victoriae Reeve 1843
Conus vidua Reeve, 1843
Conus villepinii Reeve 1843
Conus virgatus Reeve, 1849
Conus virgo Reeve 1849
Conus vittatus Linné 1758
Conus ximenes Hwass 1792
Conus ximenes Reeve 1843
Conus ximenes mahogani Reeve 1843
Conus zelanicus Reeve 1843
Conus zeylandicus Gmelin, 1791
Conus zonatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
Conus zulu Gmelin, 1791